Moreno, 19, is a fourth-generation rancher from Hidalgo del Parral, Mexico, about seven hours south of the port of entry, whose family supplies most of Columbus’ cattle imports. The stockyard initially closed in November 2024 due to the threat of the New World screwworm, a parasitic pest largely eradicated from the U.S. decades ago that now poses a significant threat to the state’s livestock industry. As a result, the Morenos’ cattle prices fell by about half, he said.
The newly repainted pens at the U.S.-Mexico border will be full of cattle starting Monday, Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins announced at the Columbus Stockyard on Tuesday after meeting with federal officials and agricultural stakeholders in the region.
“It’s been kind of tough,” Moreno said. “We’ve been trying to get to this day for a while.”
For family ranchers like Moreno — some who have been in the business for up to nine generations — the news represents an economic boon.
“We have been trading cattle across this border for more than 100 years, and certainly, this particular port and this family, the Moreno family … is such an important part of the commerce between our two great countries,” said Rollins, outfitted in a U.S. Customs and Border Protection hat.
But its planned reopening also comes amid the continued danger of the New World screwworm — the flies’ larvae burrow into the flesh of warm-blooded creatures such as livestock, pets, wildlife and, in rare cases, people, causing painful and putrid wounds.
The state’s most recent New World screwworm cases were identified Thursday and represent two of the country’s five “active” cases, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s confirmed detection dashboard. Livestock officials established an “infested zone” with a radius of at least 12.4 miles around each of the infected animal’s locations. Within these zones, animals must be inspected and, if necessary, treated before being moved within or out of the area.
Across the border, however, cases are much higher. The federal agriculture agency has identified dozens of cases in Mexican border states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas.
The Columbus Stockyard, a USDA-authorized facility, processes Mexican cattle as they enter the United States. Dedicated nutritionists, veterinarians and cattle professionals handle the cattle before trucks arrive to transport the livestock across the country, according to its website.
Operated by the Moreno family, it had just one employee on-site during the nearly two years it was closed to Mexican cattle imports. The closure applied to the ports of entry along the entire Southern border, from Douglas, Ariz., to Santa Teresa, New Mexico.
As a major source of trade and local economic activity, the closure cost the area jobs, cattle sales, trucking, customs brokerage and hay and grain sales, while also affecting feedlots and meatpackers further north, according to state officials.
While the ports were shuttered, the 1.5 million head of cattle that cross to the U.S. each year were not able to enter, “a significant challenge to the beef supply for America,” Rollins said.
With Mexican cattle imports blocked, U.S. ground beef prices have hit all-time highs this year.
Rollins said the port’s temporary closure allowed for added precautions: strengthened surveillance, the release of more than 1.5 billion sterile screwworm flies from a dispersal facility in Southern Texas — which can’t produce the harmful larvae — and four levels of inspection upon crossing the border. Rollins said additional sterile fly dispersal facilities will open in the spring.
The increased inspections will now slow down imports, Moreno said. Historically, the port’s volume was 1,800 cattle per day, but starting Monday, they will see more like 1,000 cattle cross daily. The rate could increase depending how inspections go, he added.
While the port was closed, family ranchers were not the only ones to suffer economically, Gerardo Fierro, executive director of the New Mexico Border Authority, said Tuesday.
Fierro estimated a $2 billion loss in cattle and other trade value during the two years the port was closed, and about $2 million in lost New Mexico fuel-tax revenue due to decreased truck activity.
He said Columbus and Deming depend on the reopening for their local economy.
“Cattle growers from Mexico … spend some of those dollars they get from the cattle on the community, on food, hotels, or supplies for the ranch,” Fierro said. “It’ll open several jobs here, direct and indirect.”
Rollins tied the reopening to the Trump administration’s “America First” approach.
“If we cannot feed ourselves, there will be no American dream,” Rollins said Tuesday. “If we cannot produce our own food in this country, there will no longer be freedom and liberty.”
Equine imports from Mexico also will resume through Santa Teresa Monday, Rollins said, with quarantine required on the U.S. side. Since its reopening on Sept. 17, Santa Teresa has brought in around 1,000 cattle each day. Nogales, Ariz., is the next port of entry set for a reopening Nov. 30, Rollins added.
The USDA also said Tuesday it will start issuing a new regional cash cattle price report Monday, covering five states including New Mexico, to address transparency concerns as negotiated cash trade has dwindled to under 18% of sales.
Tom Paterson, president of the New Mexico Cattle Growers’ Association, was not too concerned about the recent New Mexico cases of New World screwworm.
“Look around. It’s a beautiful day in southern New Mexico, but it could have been a horrible day if instead of having two active cases of New World screwworm in New Mexico, we were flooded the way the secretary suggested happened in Texas back in the ’70s,” Paterson said Tuesday, referring to Rollins’ assertion that five active cases is a “remarkable achievement,” compared to the 90,000 active cases of the parasite in Texas in 1972.
With the four levels of inspection, the port will bring through the “safest cattle,” Paterson added.
“I don’t expect that these will be our last cases,” Dr. Samantha Holeck, state veterinarian with the New Mexico Livestock Board, said Tuesday, explaining that officials had about a year’s notice before the fly reached U.S. soil — it naturally migrates north, giving them extra time to prepare.
Still, “It is a really tough thing to balance regulatory decisions with the welfare and support for the industry because we’re trying to stay ahead of a disease or pest,” Holeck added. “This is something that we’re going to be dealing with for a while. But as I’ve told our producers, this is not anything to panic over.”
Staff writer Margaret O’Hara contributed to this report. Julia Gentin is a reporter for The Las Cruces New Mexican, The Santa Fe New Mexican and Searchlight New Mexico through a partnership with Report for America, a national service program that places journalists into local newsrooms. She covers the Southern New Mexico region. Learn more about Report for America at reportforamerica.org.