With little discussion, the Wilmington City Council recently passed a resolution unanimously opposing a proposed expansion of Chemours' Fayetteville Works plant.
"Council urges the N.C. Department of Environmental Quality, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and other relevant regulatory bodies to deny any permits or approvals related to such expansion until Chemours has fully remediated existing contamination and demonstrated a sustained, transparent commitment to environmental and public health protections," states the Nov. 3 resolution.
Fayetteville Works, located roughly 70 miles upstream from Wilmington near the Bladen-Cumberland county line, has been in the proverbial eye of the storm since the StarNews broke in 2017 that DuPont and more recently Chemours, which was spun off from DuPont in 2015, had been dumping "forever chemicals" into the Cape Fear River for decades. The manmade chemicals are used in common everyday products like food packaging, cookware, medical devices and adhesives.
But the per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including GenX, are frequently dubbed “forever chemicals” because they don’t break down quickly in the environment, can linger in the body, and have been tied to a host of health problems and ailments.
The Cape Fear River also is the primary drinking source for thousands of residents in the Wilmington area, and up until just a few years ago municipal water systems had no way of filtering out the manmade substances before they entered the public water supply. Forever chemicals also have seeped into groundwater and been found in residential wells throughout the Cape Fear River watershed.
While the move by Wilmington officials to oppose Chemours' plans would seem to have little practical impact, since the plant is well outside the city's jurisdictional limits and any expansion requires the approval of federal and state regulators, it puts the city's concerns on record.
Groups like Clean Cape Fear, a local advocacy group, have been encouraging local leaders to pass resolutions opposing the proposed expansion − something the Cape Fear Public Utility Authority also recently did.
"Chemours still refuses to pay for clean up, can't control PFAS pollution at Fayetteville Works, and only acts in the best interest of our communities when legally forced," the grassroots organization said in a statement. "These are not the actions of a responsible or trustworthy company."
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What does Chemours want to do at Fayetteville Works?
The Delaware-based chemical giant wants to expand production in its vinyl ethers units at the plant. Vinyl ethers are used to create adhesives and coatings that are used in a variety of products, including batteries, semiconductors and pharmaceuticals − all growing industries.
According to the company's permit application with the N.C. Division of Air Quality, the expansion would see an "increase of approximately 100% within the Vinyl Ethers North process area" and "increase capacity by approximately 35 to 40% within the VE Ethers South process area."
While total emissions are expected to increase post-expansion, in the permit application Chemours states that total emissions of fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs) − like PFAS − are projected to decrease by 15% compared to 2021 levels.
In a statement, Chemours said the company has invested more than $400 million in upgrades in recent years that now capture and destroy more than 99.9% of the PFAS air emissions at Fayetteville Works.
"We respect Wilmington City Council’s right to express their opinion, though it seems counterintuitive to oppose a permit application that would ultimately reduce Fayetteville Works’ site-wide PFAS air emissions by an additional 15% beyond the significant reductions already achieved in recent years, despite an increase in production," the statement said.
Should Chemours be allowed to expand?
To Wilmington officials and environmentalists, the answer to whether Chemours should be allowed to expand is a simple one: The company shouldn't be allowed to increase production until it takes responsibility for the health and financial sins tied to the dumping of forever chemicals like GenX into the environment for decades.
"Chemours is a classic bad actor," Cape Fear Riverkeeper Kemp Burdette told council at the Nov. 3 meeting.
He said the company not only went decades without telling anyone what it was doing, but also has refused to pay for upgrades to drinking water systems say they can filter out the manmade chemicals, moved to stop studies that could show the health impacts from humans ingesting PFAS-contaminated water, and fought against additional regulations on forever chemicals at the federal and state levels.
"What this shows is a company willing to put public health and the environment at risk in order to maximize profits," said Burdette, who also is executive director of Cape Fear River Watch. "This proposal is a slap in the face to Wilmingtonians."
What happens now?
The state is continuing to review Chemours' permit application, which was originally submitted in 2022 and substantially revised in an updated Aug. 14 application.
Air Quality spokesperson Shawn Taylor said that while the division has deemed the latest application "administratively complete," it has requested additional information to allow regulators to conduct a technical review. The division also plans to allow public comments and to hold public hearings on the proposal in the future.
Chemours also will need EPA approval to move forward. The Trump administration has been steadily rolling back environmental protections and requirements on industry, so that might not be a major roadblock.
With communities in the Cape Fear region and across the country bogged down in litigation with Chemours and other PFAS manufacturers and the scope of the contamination and the long-term health impacts from the forever chemicals still emerging, officials said it isn't surprising that more and more people are speaking up.
Until the damage from those past actions of unregulated contamination are dealt with and the responsible parties take ownership of their actions, activists argue PFAS manufacturers shouldn't be allowed to expand their operations and continue their polluting ways.
"Chemours has not eared the right to create more PFAS in North Carolina and we applaud the City of Wilmington and CFPUA for publicly opposing this dangerous expansion plan," Clean Cape Fear said in its statement.
Reporter Gareth McGrath can be reached at [email protected] or @GarethMcGrathSN on X/Twitter. This story was produced with financial support from the Green South Foundation, the Prentice Foundation and the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation. The USA TODAY Network maintains full editorial control of the work.