The Tennessee Aquarium is opening a new exhibit in its Ridges to Rivers gallery, showcasing several freshwater mussel species and their role in maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems.
The aquarium says mussels are mollusks with two connected shells protecting a soft internal body. Although they do not have eyes, ears, or a head, they do have gills and a singular foot that can move or burrow into the bottom of the river.
Mussels can be quite easy to miss; the palm-sized creatures resemble rocks, residing at the bottom of waterways. There, mussels suck up water and filter out nutrients, bacteria, algae, sediment, small amounts of used oil, and other pollutants.
In a nutshell, mussels are a living filtration system that cleanses massive volumes of water.
“They’re the lifeblood of a river system,” says Conservation Manager Stephanie Chance. “It’s just like having your refrigerator filter or your water filter at home. Rivers naturally have their own filter, and that is freshwater mussels.”
"We live in the most biodiverse area for freshwater mussels in the world here in the Tennessee River Valley," says Senior Aquarist Avery Millard, who is responsible for the care of exhibits in Ridges to Rivers.
The mussels come from the Duck River, just west of Chattanooga. The 284-mile river is the longest contained river in Tennessee and is home to an abundance of mussel species, including three that are now featured in the Aquarium's new exhibit:
"I’m from Kansas, and within the whole state, there are only around 50 mussel species," says Chance. "We could easily find 50 species in a day on the Duck River."
Although there are so many species of mussels within our local waterways, they remain one of the most endangered groups of organisms in the United States. However, the Aquarium says there are steps being taken to support the creatures in Tennessee.
For example, in 2024, Governor Bill Lee signed an executive order to establish management practices to protect the Duck River watershed for its aquatic life and for the 250,000 Tennesseans consuming its drinking water.
As a result of the order, the Tennessee Aquarium was given funding by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation for the new exhibit.
"As directed by Governor Lee’s Executive Order, TDEC is working to balance the protection of mussel habitat in the Duck River with the need to provide safe, reliable drinking water for residents," says TDEC Commissioner David Salyers. "Tennesseans can help by promoting the importance of water conservation and participating in public education opportunities like this one at the Tennessee Aquarium."
The Aquarium notes that the new exhibit will also demonstrate how mussels have been a culturally important part of life in Tennessee for millennia.
"They’re a part of our history," Millard says. "For as long as humans have inhabited this area, people have relied on mussels in one way or another. I’m sure even people today have stories of their parents or grandparents using mussels for various things throughout the years."
For more information, visit the Tennessee Aquarium's website or listen to their official podcast episode on the subject.