No sooner had the U.S. started its July 7 phased reopening of southern ports to cattle imports from Mexico than the border was slammed shut again the evening of July 9.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture had suspended imports of cattle, bison and horses from Mexico on May 11, 2025, because it felt Mexico was not doing enough to contain the northward spread of the deadly New World screwworm (NWS) fly.
After several discussions between U.S. and Mexican animal health officials, on-site assessments of Mexico’s NWS response efforts and progress made on Mexico allowing the U.S. team to conduct every-day sterile NWS fly dispersal – releasing more than 100 million flies each week – USDA decided on a risk-based phased reopening, starting with the port in Douglas, Ariz., on July 7.
Mexico’s Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development estimated that around 900 head of cattle moved through its quarantine station in Agua Prieta, Sonora, into the U.S. on Monday.
A mere two days later, however, U.S. Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins announced the renewed suspension of livestock trade after Mexico reported the detection of a new case of NWS in Veracruz in eastern Mexico, approximately 160 miles north of the current sterile fly dispersal grid and 370 miles south of the U.S. border with Mexico, according to USDA.
USDA said the new NWS case Mexico reported July 8 comes almost two months after northerly detections were reported in Oaxaca and Veracruz, less than 700 miles away from the U.S. border, which triggered the border closure in May.
As part of USDA’s recently announced reopening strategy, other ports in New Mexico and Texas were scheduled to reopen on tentative dates from July through Sept. 15, 2025. The agency said the new NWS detection “raises significant concern about the previously reported information shared by Mexican officials and severely compromises the outlined port reopening schedule of five ports,” giving the agency no choice but to immediately close livestock trade through southern ports of entry in order to protect domestic livestock and wildlife and the U.S. food supply.
“The United States has promised to be vigilant — and after detecting this new NWS case, we are pausing the planned port reopening’s to further quarantine and target this deadly pest in Mexico,” Rollins said. “We must see additional progress combatting NWS in Veracruz and other nearby Mexican states in order to reopen livestock ports along the southern border. Thanks to the aggressive monitoring by USDA staff in the U.S. and in Mexico, we have been able to take quick and decisive action to respond to the spread of this deadly pest.”
While some trade organizations were supportive of the reopening plan to help alleviate the shortage of cattle in the U.S., several other cattle groups banded together to pen a letter to Rollins urging USDA to delay the resumption of live cattle imports from Mexico until NWS is fully eradicated in Mexico. They warned of the potential risk to animal health and the food supply and the devastating impact on the domestic livestock and wildlife industries that would result from NWS spreading to the U.S.
The insect pest was eradicated from the U.S. in 1966 using the sterile insect technique. The U.S. and Mexico are both building sterile fly facilities to bolster production and fly releases and help stamp out NWS.
Mexico just announced the start of construction on a sterile fly production facility in Chiapas this week – a joint investment between the U.S. and Mexico that is expected to produce more than 100 million sterile insects per week once completed in 2026.
USDA also announced the groundbreaking of a sterile fly dispersal facility at Moore Air Base in south Texas that is expected to be completed by the end of this year and will be able to disperse sterile NWS flies into northern Mexico. USDA is also considering building a sterile fly production facility at the air base. Both facilities willprovide “a critical contingency capability to disperse sterile flies” if NWS is detected in the southern U.S., the agency said.
USDA added that it is working on these efforts in lockstep with Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, taking a coordinated approach with federal, state and local partners to keep the pest out of the U.S.
“A key part of USDA’s strategy for protecting American agriculture is continuously monitoring conditions on the ground,” said Colin Woodall, chief executive officer of the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, which was initially supportive of the phased border reopening. “Secretary Rollins has been working to balance the economic needs of U.S. cattle producers who rely on imports while at the same time protecting the overall U.S. cattle herd. The New World screwworm’s northward movement jeopardizes the safety of American agriculture, which is why Secretary Rollins paused cattle movement again until we can push the screwworm further from our border.”
Woodall added that although USDA has made progress with Mexico on the country’s NWS response efforts, “unfortunately, screwworm continues to move north through Mexico, and it’s clear that the United States needs a sterile fly facility of our own here at home. We cannot wait any longer, and we urge USDA to immediately begin work on a sterile fly facility.”
USDA noted that its personnel will continue to perform site visits in Mexico “to ensure the Mexican government has adequate protocols and surveillance in place to combat this pest effectively and efficiently.”
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