SANTA TERESA, N.M. (Border Report) — Applause and whistles broke out Thursday as the first group of Mexican cattle cleared the Santa Teresa livestock crossing, marking the return of cattle imports through the facility after more than a year of disruptions tied to New World screwworm.
Ranchers gathered at the facility to watch the cattle move through the new inspection process. Shortly before 11 a.m. MDT, the first group crossed without problems, prompting the celebration from those watching.
The reopening restarts a cross-border cattle trade that generated about $1.2 billion in annual commerce through Santa Teresa before the shutdown. The facility handled about 500,000 cattle a year, with much of that livestock eventually moving to grow yards in the Texas Panhandle and other states. The Santa Teresa International Import/Export Livestock Facility processed 43% of the cattle that enter the U.S. from Mexico.
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But the cattle are returning under a different system.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture reopened Santa Teresa as part of a phased plan that includes additional inspections, treatments and traceability requirements aimed at reducing the risk of New World screwworm entering U.S. livestock.
USDA Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs Dudley Hoskins said federal officials first tested the new protocols at the livestock crossing in Douglas, Arizona.
“Over the last month, we’ve been assessing daily how that system has been working, the efficacy, any concerns,” Hoskins told Border Report. “And what we’ve seen over the last 30 days is that system works.”
The inspection process begins before cattle reach the U.S.-Mexico border.
Hoskins said producers take their animals to export gathering centers in Mexico, where accredited veterinarians verify animal health requirements, including tuberculosis and tick protocols.
Officials also apply an FDA-approved product for New World screwworm three to five days before an animal becomes eligible to enter the United States.
Cattle showing open wounds, lameness, anemia, or other potential health concerns cannot continue through the process, Hoskins said.
Once the animals reach the border, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service personnel and detector dogs conduct additional screwworm screening before allowing the cattle to enter the United States.
New World screwworm is a parasite whose larvae feed on the living tissue of warm-blooded animals. It can infest cattle, horses, pets and wildlife and, in rare cases, humans.
Hoskins stressed that screwworm is a parasite, not a disease, and does not pose a food safety concern.
Santa Teresa also invested more than $60,000 on a new scanner designed to improve cattle traceability.
The scanner reads radio-frequency identification, or RFID, tags on the animals and enters that information into an electronic database.
Daniel Manzanares, director of the Santa Teresa International Import/Export Livestock Facility, said the technology lets state and federal authorities track an animal after it leaves the border.
“The purpose is just to ensure that we have traceability of animals,” Manzanares told Border Report. “The state and the federal government want traceability so in case something pops up, you can follow the animal all the way to where it went.”
The information connects to an electronic certificate of veterinary inspection, creating a digital record that can follow an animal to its destination in another state.
That traceability could become critical if authorities later discover a screwworm infestation or another animal health concern.
“If you can’t stop [it] within 24 hours, you haven’t stopped it,” Manzanares said.
About 75% of the cattle crossing through Santa Teresa eventually head to grow yards in the Texas Panhandle, according to Manzanares, while other animals move to Oklahoma and other destinations.
But the cattle trade does not move in only one direction.
Manzanares said U.S. seed-stock producers sell high-value bulls and heifers to Mexican ranchers. Mexican producers use that breeding stock to produce calves, some of which later return north through Santa Teresa for U.S. feeding operations.
“It’s the best U.S. genetics that have been imported into Mexico for the last 100 years,” Manzanares said.
He said Mexican buyers can pay about $25,000 for a high-value breeding bull.
The shutdown interrupted that economic cycle.
Manzanares previously told Border Report his U.S. operation lost about $3 million during the disruption. He said smaller Mexican ranchers, particularly those with 100 head of cattle or fewer, also suffered significant losses when they lost access to the U.S. market.
According to figures Manzanares previously provided to Border Report, commerce through the facility plunged to about $140 million in 2025 from about $1.2 billion in 2024.
USDA officials did not announce a target Thursday for how many cattle will cross Santa Teresa each day as operations resume.
Hoskins said federal officials will determine the pace based on how well the new safeguards work.
“The number of head of cattle is not our goal,” Hoskins said. “What our goal is is to make sure the system and the integrity and the confidence in the system are maintained.”
The reopening comes as federal and state officials continue responding to New World screwworm detections in New Mexico.
Hoskins said USDA recently confirmed an infestation in a horse in Grant County. Officials responded by increasing surveillance, trapping, and releasing sterile flies in the area.
The sterile-fly technique takes advantage of the fact that a female screwworm fly mates only once. If she mates with a sterile male, she cannot produce viable offspring, helping officials suppress the parasite’s population.
Hoskins said USDA currently receives 100 million sterile flies a week from a facility in Panama. Another facility that came online this summer is ramping up production, while USDA is accelerating construction of an additional sterile-fly facility.
For the ranchers gathered in Santa Teresa on Thursday, however, the first test of the new system brought a moment they had waited months to see.
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The first group of cattle completed the process and crossed into the United States without problems.
Applause and whistles filled the facility as the cattle moved through — signaling the restart of an economic connection that stretches from ranches in Mexico to businesses, producers, and feeding operations across the United States.