Correspondent
DUDLEY – The town is about to notify more than 2,300 water system users that their water contains chemicals called PFAS6 at levels deemed unsafe to drink.
Dudley is not the first water supplier mandated to send such a notice and won’t be the last as the state Department of Environmental Protection preps for a wave of similar occurrences statewide before the year is out.
The DEP changed its public drinking water regulations for six chemicals in October by lowering the maximum allowable amount from 70 parts per trillion to 20 ppt.
According to DEP records, among the public water systems that have already been found to be serving water above the 20 ppt standard are the Aquarion Water Co. in Millbury, the Hudson Water Supply and the Princeton Town Campus.
These six Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances, known as PFAS6, are synthetic chemicals found in consumer products, such as cookware, pizza boxes, stain repellents and firefighting foam.
According to the DEP, some people who consume PFAS6 above 20 ppt may experience adverse effects on the liver, blood, immune system, thyroid, and fetal development. PFAS6 consumption could also elevate the risk of certain cancers.
Pregnant or nursing women, infants and people diagnosed as immunocompromised are considered a “sensitive subgroup.” These people are at greater risk and are advised by the DEP not to drink or cook with the water.
The DEP says people not in the sensitive group may continue to use the water because the risks are applicable to a lifetime of consumption. In most situations, the DEP says, the water can be safely used for washing foods, brushing teeth and bathing.
With the stricter standards, the DEP is mandating 1,629 public water suppliers across the state to begin testing for PFAS and if necessary, upgrade their systems to meet the new standards.
For suppliers that service more than 50,000 properties, mandatory testing had to begin by Jan. 1. Those that serve more than 10,000 by April 1, and those with less than 10,000 users, must start testing by Oct. 1.
If the average amount of PFAS found over three consecutive months exceeds 20 ppt, that town or water supplier is deemed in violation and must give the DEP a plan for remediation within 30 days.
The Dudley water department proactively tested a year in advance of its requirement to prepare for upcoming regulation changes ahead of infrastructure updates.
“I have to commend the town for getting out in front of this,” DEP Regional Director Mary Jude Pigsley told a group of town officials on a March 30 remote meeting. In doing so, she said, the town received a nearly $200,000 state grant to offset costs. That grant money, she said, has since dried up.
How the PFAS came to be in Dudley’s drinking water system is unknown.
Last week, one of two water sources in town, known as Well 3, was deemed in violation when its average three-month test came in at 21.7 ppt.
“You’re serving water that’s not protective of the public health,” Pigsley said.
The DEP ordered the town to notify its 2,361 uses of the violation and possible risks. This includes Shepherd Hill Regional High School, Dudley Elementary School and Mason Road School. The letter is expected to mail next week.
School Superintendent Steven M. Lamarche said Wednesday the schools moved to cooking with bottled water when the possible violation was made known in January.
“We also offer bottled water for anyone who is classified as a sensitive subgroup, and if anyone else asks for bottled water they can have it as well,” he said.
Pigsley has been working with the Dudley water department and its consulting engineering firm, Tighe & Bond, to develop short- and long-term plans to reduce the amount of contaminate reaching users.
At the meeting, Pigsley said of the town’s remediation plan, “I think it’s a good plan. I think it’s going to work. The bad part of it is it’s going to cost money; you don’t have a choice though.”
Scott Zajkowski, Water-Sewer Commission chair, said Monday, “We are bound to follow the letter of the regulation, our No. 1 priority is to provide adequate and clean water to everyone in town.”
The temporary fix, he said, is to blend water from Well 3 with that of Well 6 before sending it into the system, thereby diluting the PFAS level. This $1 million project, approved at the June town meeting, is complete and is expected to be operational in two weeks.
By the fall, Zajkowski said, temporary filtration will begin at this well site. The permanent solution of installing systemwide filtration to remove the contaminate is expected to be a $11.5 million project, which will take several years to complete.
The town has been approved for a low-interest state loan of $11.5 million, with some possible principal forgiveness. Selectmen and town meeting must approve the borrowing by June 30. If the town doesn’t apply for the loan by that deadline, it must reapply next year. By that time, one official noted, the town will be competing for money with all the other towns and public water systems that are just now starting to test.
Most common water filtration devices do not remove PFAS, nor does boiling water. The DEP lists bottled water sources that are PFAS-free at www.mass.gov/doc/bottled-water-tested-for-pfas.