You would have thought it was good news when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Centers for Disease Control told the people of Norwood last Thursday that based on their preliminary investigation, “current data indicates … no posed threat” to human health from the defunct Norwood Landfill.
But you would be wrong. Residents immediately leapt to the conclusion that the government is covering up what they perceive to be a large cancer cluster near the old Norwood dump.
“What if it was your family?” one of the attendees shouted.
Based on 26 years of covering environmental litigation, I’m going to go out on a limb here and say if it was their families, they would be doing exactly the same thing they are doing now.
You were dreaming if you thought the EPA would come to the Norwood Fire Co. last Thursday after a two-year preliminary study and announce, “Oh yes, you have a cancer cluster here and it was definitely caused by chemicals dumped in the Norwood Landfill from 1950 to 1960 by XYZ Inc. and Such & Such Co. We’ll be out there to clean it up in the morning.”
It doesn’t happen like that. The EPA officials you were shouting at are the “deep state” in the most positive sense of the term. They are the ones who continue to do their jobs year after year and administration after administration.
They have no reason to cover up a pollution incident because their jobs as scientists and lawyers depend on their enforcing and administering the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, commonly known as the Superfund Act.
But they have to carry out that mandate in accordance with rigorous scientific discipline. They cannot just validate your beliefs because you want them to and they cannot provide instant answers.
Do you want the EPA to go away? Do you want the government to leave you out there on your own with the corporate wolves who had no qualms 50 years ago about poisoning you and your neighbors?
If not, let them do their work. Everything they do will become public.
Maybe the EPA will not declare the Norwood Landfill a Superfund site. A lot rides on its assessment of the totality of the air, soil and water pollution they find or don’t find at the site.
If it is declared a Superfund site, processing it will take a very, very long time – often decades – to find the pollution, to map out the geographical extent of the pollution, to negotiate with owners and previous owners to pay for cleaning the site up, to plan and oversee the cleanup, and to wage years-long court battles with those owners.
Case in point – the Folcroft and Clearview landfills, which have been on the Superfund or National Priorities List for 17 years now and still have not been completely cleaned up.
The 46-acre Folcroft Landfill, which is just a mile or so east and one town over from Norwood, and the Clearview Landfill, largely in Philadelphia, were added to the Superfund list together in 2001 after several years of preliminary study.
The Clearview Landfill sits on tidal wetlands inside the John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge. Groundwater flows from west to east through the landfill, through filtering wetlands and out into the Delaware River, thus minimizing the potential risks to the human population immediately to the west.
The EPA found some nasty chemicals lurking beneath its thinnish ground cover, but after years of rigorous study from 2006 to 2017, it found virtually no increased human risk of cancer over a lifetime.
In 2006, it finalized an agreement with 14 previous owners of the landfills to pay for or perform remediation. That work has yet to begin.
The EPA removed 4,000 tons of PCB-contaminated waste from Clearview in 2011-2012, and the cleanup of residential yards adjacent to the landfill began in 2017.
All of which is to say, if the Folcroft and Clearview landfills are anything to go by (and they are), the residents of Norwood are at the beginning of a very, very long road.
And they should be aware at the outset that cleaning up pollution sites and proving cancer clusters are two entirely different animals. The one is regulatory and the other is legal.
Proving a cancer cluster exists and the cause of that cluster are notoriously difficult.
They may have to go the Erin Brockavich route, hire a law firm that has both the resources and the willingness to invest up front in years of investigation and court battles against deep-pocket companies.
The Hinkley, Calif., case that Brockovich made her bones on was kind of easy compared to Norwood.
It involved an isolated desert town of 1,900 people whose only industry, Pacific Gas and Electric Co., spewed a yellowish chemical compound, hexavalent chromium, into the groundwater and air for 40 years, visibly coating every surface in town. It was the only suspect when people began to notice high rates of cancer deaths.
Norwood is an old and densely populated town along Darby Creek and the Delaware River corridor. Darby Creek was home to dozens of mills that dumped their toxic waste into the water for generations, and the river bank has been heavily industrialized for more than 200 years with all kinds of past and present sources of cancer-causing pollutants embedded in the soil, seeping into the groundwater and polluting the air.
It won’t be easy to either isolate a cancer cluster or nail down one cause in an area with such a rich industrial history.
But enough of the gloom and doom. I see we’re all excited about the possibility that Exxon Mobile may build an ethane cracking plant in Marcus Hook.
If it does, 40 years from now will our children and their children be assailing the EPA for not immediately proving that plant is causing their cancers? Probably.
Jodine Mayberry is a retired editor, longtime journalist and Delaware County resident. Her column appears every Friday. You can reach her at [email protected].