Stargazers across California recently caught glimpses of the northern lights — and the colorful natural phenomenon could be visible again soon.
The aurora borealis might be visible from states across the West on Wednesday, Nov. 12, and Thursday, Nov. 13, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center.
The center issued a series of geomagnetic storm watches in response to coronal mass ejections “that have erupted from the sun over the past several days,” it said Tuesday, Nov. 11.
Eruptions “of solar material and magnetic fields” can set off geomagnetic storms when they arrive earthside, the center said, noting that the storm level on Wednesday could be “severe.”
What are the northern lights?
“Auroras are colorful, dynamic and often visually delicate displays of an intricate dance of particles and magnetism between the Sun and Earth called space weather,” NASA said on its website.
They’re caused by “electrons colliding with the upper reaches of Earth’s atmosphere,” according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association.
“Our sun is constantly spewing out high-energy particles out into space,” Kyle Watters, a physics and astronomy lecturer at Sacramento State, previously told The Sacramento Bee. “Those particles honestly would be fairly hazardous to us as human beings, but luckily for us, Earth has a magnetic field.”
This field traps those charged particles, he said, and funnels them either towards the North or South Pole.
The result is a “really pretty light show,” Watters said.
Typically, aurora borealis forms about 50 to 300 miles above the Earth’s surface, NOAA said on its website.
What color is an aurora?
According to NASA, auroras get their radiant colors from “atoms and molecules being energized by colliding with energetic particles in the upper atmosphere.”
The northern lights can appear in a variety of colors, NASA said, ranging from “eerie green” and blue to purple, pink, red or even white.
“The color of an aurora depends on the type of gas that is hit and where that gas is located in the atmosphere,” the space agency said.
No biggie. Just the #NorthernLights visible in Northern California last night pic.twitter.com/q6Oahqo8Vp
— neilyoungsvoice (@neilyoungsvoice) November 12, 2025
Northern lights in Southern California. I’m in the town called Desert Center 92239. Google it. I’m 80 miles from the border and 80 miles from Arizona. This is probably a once in a lifetime event. I took these on an iPhone 12 at a 10 second timer. pic.twitter.com/f1CFMvVkv6
— ???????? Vote Wayne Lambright 2028 ???????? (@VoteLambright) November 12, 2025
Northern lights from California Central Valley, near Sequoia Kings Canyon national Park @NWSHanford pic.twitter.com/bD6AryCx4t
— Lassitude ???? (@jen98a) November 12, 2025
seeing the northern lights from our house in california of all places is insane pic.twitter.com/KIwgVXi3Rl
— Ian Commissions Open!! (@sandrafrancisc0) November 12, 2025
I took a photo of the northern lights in California tonight pic.twitter.com/D9bLozFbRe
— Alexander Scott Halbur (@AlexanderHalbur) November 12, 2025
— Juli, just a girl in a crazy world™? (@Save_the_Poors) November 12, 2025
Where was aurora borealis spotted in California?
Residents across California reported seeing the northern lights on Tuesday night, with rare sightings as far south as Los Angeles and San Diego County.
On X, posters shared stunning pictures of the aurora borealis in the sky above the Bay Area, San Jose and Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks in the Central Valley, with one poster calling it an “unreal sight.”
“Okay the northern lights above California are insane rn,” X user Breanne Thomas wrote in a Tuesday post, sharing a photo of pink and purple lights dancing off a plane wing. “It’s hard to capture through the window but wow.”
“This is a once in a lifetime event,” X user Wayne Lambert wrote in a Tuesday X post, sharing photos of the aurora borealis in the sky over Desert Center in Riverside County.
In the Sacramento area, Reddit users reported seeing the aurora from Carmichael and East Sacramento.
Not everyone was able to spot the northern lights without using a camera.
In a Tuesday post, X user Brick_Suit wrote that the aurora was “very faint to the naked eye but (the) phone picks it up easily.”
The northern lights also made appearances in the Golden State in March 2023 and May 2024.
X user Frank Meyers said the recent display looked “much more intense than May of last year, clearly visible to the unaided eye at its peak!”
In a Tuesday post, he called the aurora “just incredible, one of the most incredible things I’ve ever seen!”
Will aurora borealis be visible in California?
NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center has an aurora dashboard predicting the visibility of northern lights across the United States.
According to the forecast, northern states bordering Canada — including Idaho, Montana, North Dakota and Washington state — have the best chances of catching a glimpse of the northern lights.
However, it could be possible to glimpse the aurora from farther away.
“The aurora does not need to be directly overhead but can be observed from as much as 1000 km (about 627 miles) away when the aurora is bright and if conditions are right,” the center said.
What’s the best way to watch northern lights?
According to NOAA, follow these tips to increase your odds of seeing the northern lights:
How to take pictures of the northern lights
According to social media users, it may be difficult to spot the northern lights without using a camera.
In a Tuesday post, X user Brick_Suit wrote that the aurora was “very faint to the naked eye but (the) phone picks it up easily.”
Hello Aurora, a mobile app for aurora borealis enthusiasts, shared a comprehensive guide to taking pictures of the northern lights with your smartphone.
Here are a few tips:
Northern California could see the northern lights this weekend, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
On Thursday, NOAA’s Space Center Prediction Center issued an alert for a severe geomagnetic storm that’s expected to arrive late Friday or early Saturday.
That means the colorful dancing lights known as the northern lights — or aurora borealis — could be seen in the night sky above parts of the United States on Friday through Sunday.
“The aurora may become visible over much of the northern half of the country, and maybe as far south as Alabama to Northern California,” NOAA said.
NOAA issued a G4-level watch in advance of the solar storm, predicting a big disturbance in the Earth’s magnetic field.
“Watches at this level are very rare,” said NOAA, which last issued one in 2005.
A G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Watch has been issued for May 11... pic.twitter.com/CeEHWEUFiQ
— NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (@NWSSWPC) May 9, 2024
NOAA warned that the geomagnetic storm may affect technology.
People can expect “possible increased and more frequent voltage control problems,” the agency said, as well as an “increased possibility of anomalies or effects to satellite operations. More frequent and longer periods of GPS degradation (are) possible.”
Auroras are caused by the activity of the sun.
“Our sun is constantly spewing out high energy particles out into space,” said Kyle Watters, a professor of physics and astronomy at Sacramento State. “Those particles honestly would be fairly hazardous to us as human beings, but luckily for us, Earth has a magnetic field.”
This field traps those charged particles, he said, and funnels them either towards the north or south pole.
According to NOAA, the sun’s particles collide with oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the Earth’s atmosphere.
“What ends up happening is those trapped charged particles put on a really pretty light show,” Watters said.
Typically, aurora borealis form about 80 to 500 km above the Earth’s surface, NOAA said on its website — that’s about 50 to 311 miles.
NOAA has an aurora dashboard that predicts the visibility of northern lights.
On Friday and Saturday, the northern lights are most likely to be seen in the states bordering Canada, including Montana, North Dakota and Washington state, according the dashboard.
Auroras are rare in California, but there have been recent sightings.
The northern lights made an appearance in the Golden State in March 2023, and more sightings were expected that November.
In December, NOAA scientists predicted peak solar activity in January and October, which could result in more dramatic light displays in the skies above California.
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