Stagnant water from a tributary of the Kinneytown Dam gives off a stench that keeps residents in the North Fourth Street area of Ansonia from opening their windows in the summer heat.
While below, at the base of the dam, shad, eels and salmon attempting to migrate up the Naugatuck River have found themselves stuck until they die trying. Then, vultures and other predators swoop in to eat the corpses.
And all around the dam, contaminated sediment has accumulated and emits methane, creating a powerful greenhouse gas manufacturing plant, experts say.
An eyesore and safety hazard that spans the river between Seymour on the west and Ansonia on the east, the Kinneytown Dam is “like a blighted building,” said Kevin Zak of the Naugatuck River Revival Group.
Zak and other environmental activists, elected officials and government agencies have been working for years to address the problems caused by the dam. And now, armed with $47 million, including $25 million in state funds received this month, they hope to acquire and remove the dam by the end of 2028.
The dam, which is 413 feet across and 30 feet high, was built in 1844 to divert water from the Naugatuck River to downtown Ansonia to power factories. Later, in the 1980s, part of the dam was converted to make hydroelectricity, but it hasn't produced electricity for at least five years.
In the last several years, a coalition of groups, including the Naugatuck River Revival Group and Save the Sound, came together to find solutions to the environmental problems caused by the dam, leading them to this point where removal of the dam is tantalizingly close.
At the end of the Coe Pond, North Fourth Street residents said the standing water and the trash surrounding it have brought rats and mosquitoes to their street, which is separated from the facility by a chain link fence.
The smell of sewage seeps into the area in the summer months, making it hard to bring over company and eat outside. If the dam were removed, the standing water would also go, Zak said, clearing up the smell and other issues.
Christina Cybart, who moved to North Fourth Street last July from Derby said "breathing it in, too, can’t be good. It does stink, it really does on those hot, hot days,” she said.
Cybart, in her 30s, said the smell makes her nauseous to her stomach and that the rats, which she thinks come from the trash around water, have created space for themselves in a wall off of her driveway.
“It needs to go,” Cybart said.
'A methane gas manufacturing plant'
Executive Director of the Naugatuck Valley Council of Governments Rick Dunne said the land’s ultimate ownership and what the river will look like following the dam’s removal will remain foggy until plans are stamped by federal regulators.
The most costly and complicated part of the project is likely going to be dealing with up to a million cubic yards, roughly 50,000 dump tri-axle trucks-worth, of potentially contaminated sediment that has accumulated around the dam, said Paul Woodworth, senior director of ecological restoration for Save the Sound.
Unfortunately, the dam has done an extremely good job of trapping in sediment, said Laura Wildman, vice president for ecological action with Save the Sound.
“When you probe into the sediments in Kinneytown, it bubbles up with methane gas,” Wildman said. “So, it becomes kind of like a methane gas manufacturing plant, which is really a problem, because methane gas is a very powerful greenhouse gas.”
How much the sediment is contaminated and will need to be removed to avoid causing downstream problems will be decided by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Woodworth said.
The federal Environmental Protection Agency has plans to test the sediment this summer after it completed a first round last year. With the sampling, the team will decide what needs to be contained or capped or let run downstream, Woodworth said.
Dunne said the dam has been a problem for the environment since it was built, and its current owner, Trimaran Energy LLC, has “let it fall into severe disrepair.”
Trimaran Energy did not respond to questions sent by CT Insider.
"It doesn't generate any power. It serves no useful commercial purpose any longer, and it's been passed through a bunch of corporate hands. So we put together a group to try and resolve the issue and cure the problems," Dunne said. "This is a huge win, if we can get it done."
Officials initially planned to acquire the dam at essentially no cost by May last year. Since then, the written agreement to take on the dam from its owner has been extended six times as negotiations have been complicated by due diligence and six figures-worth of delinquent taxes the dam’s owner owes to Seymour and Ansonia, Dunne said.
“It has expired several times and been renewed several times,” Dunne said. “There are plans, and then there are plans.”
CT Brownfield Land Bank to take ownership
The Connecticut Brownfield Land Bank, a nonprofit aimed at supporting state municipalities dealing with potentially contaminated sites, will hold the title to the dam as it is torn down. Dunne, the president of the corporation, said he expects some of the land will be donated back to Seymour and Ansonia after the destruction has been completed.
He said he is confident the Land Bank will acquire the dam within the next several weeks, mainly thanks to additional funds.
Another hurdle will be two old sewer lines that run below the water, servicing Ansonia and Seymour, and officials will need to install new lines before the old ones can be decommissioned and removed, Woodworth said.
“One project can't happen without the other, and they both need to be synchronized,” Woodworth said.
Additionally, Route 8, which was built into the impoundment long after the dam was established, and the riverbank may need to be stabilized when the sediment washes away in the river. On the other side, railroad tracks line the east side of the river and also need to be protected, Woodworth said.
Despite the barriers, Zak said he remains optimistic about the pace of progress.
“It's said at every meeting and it's in everybody's mind, that this project seems like it's taking a long time. The last year has been very painful for me because of that,” Zak said at a community meeting in May. “However in its totality, this has been lighting fast. You’re talking about moving some of the most unmovable government agencies in this country.”
Hana Ikramuddin is a Hearst Fellow in Connecticut. She spent the first part of her fellowship at the Houston Chronicle.
Raised in the Twin Cities, Hana majored in journalism and political science at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.
She has held internships with the Star Tribune, APM Reports and Sahan Journal. In her free time, she loves to cook, make chai and take care of her houseplants.
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