Natron Energy, the sodium-ion battery startup that last summer promised to create 1,000 jobs at a future $1.4 billion factory in Eastern North Carolina, will stop operating as a company Wednesday due to funding issues.
“We appreciate our customers and partners support though our journey,” John Schmidt, Natron’s chief commercial officer, wrote Tuesday in an internal staff email provided to The News & Observer. “And this is not how we or anyone at Natron wanted this to end.”
Natron’s largest shareholder, Sherwood Partners, plans to sell the company’s assets, Schmidt said.
“We will not be in a position to deliver on any current or future orders,” he wrote. “And due to no longer being Natron employees as of Wednesday we can’t comment on what the future looks like for Natron other (than) what we know now.”
Among alternative battery materials, sodium-ion is more abundant than lithium-ion and thus potentially less expensive. Founded in 2012, Natron patented a unique battery from an electrode family called Prussian blue, which produces longer-lasting batteries when combined with sodium ions. Backup power to data centers has been an early use.
In August 2024, Natron announced it would build the world’s first sodium-ion battery “gigafactory” about 60 miles east of Raleigh in rural Edgecombe County. It was the state’s biggest jobs headline of the year, and North Carolina leaders celebrated Natron’s commitment to the long-dormant megasite in one of the state’s poorer counties.
North Carolina awarded Natron $21.7 million in performance-based incentives to build its factory, plus another $30 million toward upfront construction. The state had not distributed any money through the projects’ grants, and the megasite near the city of Rocky Mount looks unchanged a year later.
“Release of program funds to the county is conditional on the company (Natron in this case) providing evidence of funding,” Denise Desatnick, vice president of marketing and research at the Economic Development Partnership of North Carolina, told The N&O in July.
Most incentive-backed economic projects have fallen short of their original hiring and investment targets since North Carolina introduced its main recruitment tool, the Job Development Investment Grant, in 2003. Around one in five projects have been terminated without creating any jobs, but it is unique for a JDIG recipient to dissolve less than 14 months after getting an award.
Natron’s funding crunch
Natron Energy has experienced liquidity concerns for at least several months. In June, the tech-business industry news outlet The Information reported that many of the company’s more recent investors have frozen scheduled payments to the company.
And while the battery maker had $25 million in booked orders, it couldn’t see this revenue until it gets certified from Underwriters Laboratory, an independent lab whose certification investors often require.
The chief advantage of sodium-ion over lithium-ion, availability, has been undercut by the falling price of lithium. “Lithium carbonate prices have crashed by more than 70% over the past several years, negatively impacting the business case for sodium-ion batteries,” S&P Global wrote in a June article.
The headwinds Natron faced have affected other U.S. battery startups, says Steve LeVine, an editor at The Information who wrote the article detailing Natron’s funding crunch.
“It’s super expensive to scale up,” he told The N&O last month. “The money dried up. Like Silicon Valley, private equity. They’ve been almost unwilling to finance battery companies.”
Sherwood Partners had made “several attempts” to sell its stake in Natron, Schmidt told staff Tuesday, but the investment firm ultimately placed Natron into a debtor process known as Assignment for the Benefit of Creditors, or ABC.
Sodium-ion is an emerging battery material, and Natron has received nearly $20 million from the U.S. Department of Energy to fund its initial commercial efforts, including a smaller manufacturing site in Michigan. This money was part of a broader Biden administration initiative to help scale “high-risk and potentially disruptive new technologies” in the energy sector.
On Tuesday, North Carolina Commerce Secretary Lee Lilley blamed Trump administration energy policy for contributing to Natron’s failure.
“Today’s news about Natron Energy is disappointing because it stood to create 1,000 good paying jobs in a growing industry,” Lilley, who was appointed by Democratic Gov. Josh Stein, wrote in an email to The N&O. “Instead, federal energy policy is hurting rural jobs unless you happen to have oil or gas in your state.”
First Triangle Tyre, now Natron
State and local economic leaders have tried to fill the 2,187-acre Kingsboro Business Park megasite for more than a decade. In the 2010s, a few hundred acres in the center of the site were graded and cleared in anticipation of the Chinese tiremaker Triangle Tyre building its first U.S. factory in Edgecombe. The deal collapsed before any tires were made.
Edgecombe officials had hoped Triangle Tyre would help reverse the county’s troubling socioeconomic trends. Among all North Carolina counties, Edgecombe routinely ranked near the bottom of most positive categories — like health outcomes and wages — and near the top of the undesired metrics like unemployment, obesity, and injury death rates.
Natron was meant to be the answer. “This is the best place for our new home,” Colin Wessell, Natron’s founder and then-CEO, said during an event celebrating Natron’s announcement in August 2024. “We choose to build here, we choose to grow here for decades to come.”
Local economic development officials say the site remains attractive. A 2023 state-commissioned report identified Kingsboro as the most “pad-ready” megasite (defined as at least 1,000 contiguous acres) in North Carolina, meaning a company could reasonably begin to build on it right away.
“It’s worth noting that the Kingsboro Megasite is one of the top megasites in the country,” Lilley said. “And we will be aggressive in marketing this location to great companies across the globe.”