Rock Hill schools are losing hundreds of students each year, and there isn’t a clear answer as to why.
“We don’t collect data on why parents are leaving the school district,” Assistant Superintendent Marty Conner told the Rock Hill school board Tuesday night. “The data that we’re required to collect is, where did they actually go?”
School district enrollment is down 2.7% in a year and 13% in a decade, new numbers show. Many of those students are heading to other public school districts, while an increase in area charter school options in the past decade also plays a role.
The steady enrollment loss for a decade now has Rock Hill on the verge of dropping to the third-largest school district in the region, behind Fort Mill and Lancaster County schools. It also has fewer students in all but five of 24 Rock Hill schools in a year, with the highest enrollment rate decreases at the elementary school level.
“Why do we have a problem at some schools but not others?” asked board member Pete Nosal.
District staff have been in conversation this week with a group that does family engagement to research the trend, Conner said. Results could be available by the end of the year.
Some answers like school culture differences are probably already available to the district by comparing schools, Nosal said. He points to schools like Ebinport Elementary that are growing.
“What can we take from the schools that are keeping and retaining their kids, and how can we take that and put that into other schools so that we try to stop this?” Nosal said. “Because this is not sustainable to lose 300, 400 kids a year.”
Enrollment number drop in Rock Hill
South Carolina schools submit enrollment counts three times each year. The earliest one comes on the 45th day of the school year. Data is being collected on this year’s 45-day count and a report is typically filed in December, according to the South Carolina Department of Education.
Rock Hill will submit a count of 15,621 students. That figure is down 432 students from the count last school year, and nearly 700 students in the past two years.
This year’s count puts Rock Hill at 204 more students than Lancaster County had last year. Lancaster County has grown by an average of 295 students per year since 2020.
The numbers are a stark contrast to what they were a decade ago.
In 2015, Rock Hill schools peaked with a 45-day enrollment of 17,946. Rock Hill had a more than 4,800-student gap between the second-largest district, Fort Mill. Rock Hill had more students than Clover, York and Chester County schools combined.
Since then, the only year Rock Hill saw an annual increase in students came in 2021.
That’s when students returned in full after many of them attended virtual school in 2020. Fort Mill, Lancaster County and Clover have steadily increased. York held mostly steady, while Chester County dipped.
Fort Mill passed Rock Hill as the largest area school district in 2020, based on the 45-day counts. Last year, Fort Mill had 2,411 more students than Rock Hill.
That’s roughly the same number of students who attend Rock Hill High and Old Point Elementary schools, combined.
Where do Rock Hill students go?
Of the enrollment reduction from last school year to this one, 54.1% of students went to another public school district. That number, according to the Rock Hill district, includes inside and outside of South Carolina.
Another 15.1% of students are listed with an unknown status. Those students simply stopped showing up, and can impact school graduation rates if the district can’t determine where they went. “Those are categorized usually as students who are dropouts,” Conner said.
Next are students who left for charter schools at 11%, no shows who registered but didn’t attend at 6.5%, homeschool students at 6%, private school at 4.5% and student who withdrew but provided no further details at 2.8%.
Charter school impact on enrollment
While it isn’t the largest driver of enrollment loss, charter schools are a factor that could disproportionately impact Rock Hill.
South Carolina has more than 100 charter schools, a public education option that’s grown in popularity the past decade. The Rock Hill, Lancaster County and Chester County districts all have a charter school listed among the traditional schools they offer.
Other charter schools operate outside of typical public school districts. The Charter Institute at Erskine, Limestone Charter Association and South Carolina Public Charter School District combine to run 90 charters schools spread across the state.
A student who attends one of their schools in Rock Hill wouldn’t count in Rock Hill School District enrollment.
York Preparatory Academy opened in 2010. Riverwalk Academy followed in 2014. Both Rock Hill schools offer grades kindergarten through 12. Ascent Classical Academy of Fort Mill opened last year at a temporary Rock Hill site, teaching those same grades. Legion Collegiate Academy opened in Rock Hill in 2019 as a high school.
Combined, those charter schools in Rock Hill had 3,299 students at the 45-day count last year. Those schools draw students from across the region, but their locations in Rock Hill make them most convenient for families that otherwise would attend Rock Hill schools.
There is only one charter school listed by the South Carolina Department of Education as operating in the three-county Rock Hill region, but outside of Rock Hill. Cogito Academy in Lancaster offers pre-kingergaren through fifth grade.
Uncertainty why students are leaving Rock Hill
Some figures, like a higher enrollment drop at the elementary levels than middle or high school, seem to make sense to the Rock Hill district.
“That aligns to national trends,” Conner said.
But questions on why parents make decisions to change schools, or why so many of them have, aren’t as easily answered.
Some could be parents leaving for jobs elsewhere, Conner said. Some may have to do with the schools students attend in Rock Hill. There’s also the lingering impacts from sudden enrollment drops across the region and state due to the COVID pandemic.
“As parents left during the COVID era, they looked at maybe more options for them,” Conner said.