The longest, most expensive question on York County ballots this year asks about money for roads.
But the tax revenue and construction price tags are estimates, not guarantees. So, how confident should voters be in their decision?
Previous projects offers reasons both for optimism and concern on whether Pennies for Progress can deliver its latest road list on time and on budget.
A record $410.7 million bond vote on Nov. 5 includes $225 million for projects that appeared in prior Pennies campaigns, but weren’t finished. Yet road jobs were ahead of schedule and often under cost until a global pandemic changed everything.
First approved in 1997, Pennies is a one-cent sales tax program that’s been approved by voters four times. It’s responsible for hundreds of miles of road widening and resurfacing in the county.
With a fifth Pennies campaign on the ballot, The Herald asked program manager Patrick Hamilton for details on what voters should expect:
More than half of the Pennies 5 funding would go toward projects that were approved in prior Pennies campaigns, but weren’t done. Why weren’t they?
Due to the drastic inflation that has occurred post-COVID, there was not enough funding to complete all of the previously approved projects.
How much confidence do you have that all the projects on Pennies 5 will be completed if voters approve it? Are there certain roads or projects more likely to go unfunded than others?
The county made a significant investment into the development of detailed cost estimates for these projects. We used the same method on Pennies 4, and the first five projects that were completed all came in under budget. Once the massive inflation hit, the remaining projects became well over budget.
The largest single new project is U.S. 21 work in Fort Mill at almost $45 million, nearly four times as much as the next biggest. Two of eight carryover projects would widen U.S. 21 in Fort Mill, finishing jobs estimated at $150 million. Another carryover widening job connects to U.S. 21.
How would you explain to people in other parts of the county why so much money is going to the U.S. 21 corridor in Fort Mill?
The commission (that developed the Pennies 5 list) had this discussion during the project selection process. Their thoughts on this is the U.S. 21 is a regional project, not a Fort Mill project. There are people from Rock Hill and western York County that often use U.S. 21, especially if there is an accident on I-77.
Hurricane Helene wiped out roads, even interstates, throughout the Southeast that will have to be rebuilt. Are there large issues out there that could impact the costs of road jobs here due to availability of work crews, material prices, etc.?
We have not seen any negative impacts from the hurricane at this time.
How confident are you that the cost estimates for Pennies 5 projects are and will remain on target when the time comes to put them out for construction bids?
Based on the process that was used, we are confident that all projects can be completed on the Pennies 5 referendum. Looking back at Pennies 4, the first five projects that were completed, all came in under budget, which shows the process was working. Once the inflation hit, the remaining projects became well over budget.
What are the stakes for this Pennies vote? Do any of the listed roads get resurfaced or widened without it? When? How would you explain to someone in York County how important this decision is?
If Pennies 5 is not approved, it is very likely none of the projects on the referendum will be completed. There may be a few resurfacing roads that eventually get paved, but very unlikely any of the widening or intersection improvements get completed.
I will point out that this is not a new tax, but a continuation of a tax that has been in place since 1997. It is not a property tax or income tax, which means people who visit York county and don’t live here contribute to the program.
A Flourish chart
? $410.7 million
The total cost of Pennies 5 is about $130 million more than any prior campaign. All four prior Pennies ballot questions combined for about $710 million. Higher projections come from population and business growth.
? $225 million
Carryover projects on Pennies 5, that weren’t done from prior votes, include widening U.S. 21 from Springfield Parkway to Carowinds Boulevard in Fort Mill, S.C. 51 from U.S. 21 to the North Carolina line, Sutton Road from Interstate-77 to a bridge on Fort Mill Parkway, U.S. 21 from Springfield Parkway to S.C. 160 and S.C. 557 from Kingsburry Road to S.C. 55 in Lake Wylie. There are three other intersection improvements and one drainage project.
? $80 million
The cost of resurfacing about 77 miles of road across the county. There are 48 roads listed on the ballot to be prioritized for surfacing based on available funds.
? 3
The number of new road projects priced at $10 million or more, down noticeably from past Pennies campaigns. More money goes to carryover jobs and smaller new jobs that spread work across more of the county. A nearly $45 million widening of part of U.S. 21 in Fort Mill, almost $13 million for Neely Road improvements in Rock Hill and $9 million for design work to later widen Fort Mill Parkway are the largest new jobs.
? 70%
In four Pennies campaigns to date, York County residents cast more than 61,017 votes. The 70% overall approval rate includes passage at 51% in 1997, 73% in 2003, 82% in 2011 and 78% in 2017.
? 195,289
More than 195,000 registered voters live in York County.
? 2024
This year is the first when Pennies coincides with a presidential election, meaning far more votes are likely to be cast for Pennies 5 than in any prior referendum. There’s never been an even-year Pennies, and it hasn’t always been in November (2011 was in August). Voter turnout was 23% in 1997, 16% in 2003, 9% in 2011 and 10% in 2017.
Reality Check reflects the Rock Hill Herald’s commitment to holding those in power to account, shining a light on public issues that affect our local readers and illuminating the stories that sets the Rock Hill region apart. Email [email protected]
This story was originally published October 23, 2024, 5:50 AM.
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John Marks graduated from Furman University in 2004 and joined the Herald in 2005. He covers community growth, municipalities, transportation and education mainly in York County and Lancaster County. The Fort Mill native earned dozens of South Carolina Press Association awards and multiple McClatchy President’s Awards for news coverage in Fort Mill and Lake Wylie.