Major changes are in the works for Mohawk State Forest in Cornwall, Goshen, and Litchfield, according to officials.
The state’s Department of Energy and Environmental Protection division of forestry has outlined a new forest management plan for the 3,735-acre state forest. The plan will guide forestry and wildlife habitat management activities for the next 15 years, officials with DEEP said.
Long-term planning goals include “strategies to adapt to climate change, to grow and sustainably harvest wood products, to diversify forest age and size classes, to improve forest access roads, to designate old growth forest sites, and to enhance and protect significant wildlife habitat, including performing invasive species management,” according to DEEP. One of the plants harvested there, by permit, is witch hazel, The plant is used to make a widely-used skin astringent.
Mohawk State Forest was first founded in 1921, with a gift of 250 acres by Alain C. White. In total, the White Memorial Foundation contributed over 2,900 acres to the acquisition of the forest over time. The holding has since grown to include over 3,300 acres in the towns of Cornwall and Goshen. By deed restriction, the forest is a game preserve and no firearms are allowed, according to DEEP.
As to its history, however, the agency reports that the Mohawk State Forest land was originally occupied by the Mohican and Paugussett tribes.”Tradition holds that the summit of Mohawk Mountain was used as a vantage point by these tribes to look out for approaching Mohawks, with whom conflict was possible,” DEEP reports.
Further, after Connecticut was colonized, but before the state acquired the site, “much of the land that comprises the Forest was used for agriculture and wood production,” according to DEEP. “There is visible evidence throughout the Forest, with stone walls crossing the land and charcoal hearths found in many places. The charcoal hearths now are merely 25’-wide circular bumps on the ground surrounded by shallow trenches, but they are the remnants of thousands of cords of hardwoods burned to make charcoal, the fuel for numerous iron furnaces in the Housatonic valley. Timber was also cut to be sawn into lumber for constructing buildings, wagons, furniture, boxes, barrels, and many other uses. Hemlock was cut to extract tannins for making leather, needed for belts to power factories and harnesses for livestock.”
The forest includes state-listed critical habitat and acts as habitat for state-listed threatened, endangered, and special concern species, the draft report notes.
One of the proposals under the forestry management plan includes allowing commercial harvests on 628 acres.
“The logs and firewood produced by these operations will provide jobs for a forest-based green economy, raw materials for durable goods, and heat for local homes,” according to DEEP.
The department reported that the importance of forest management on “state lands to Connecticut’s economy is difficult to overstate.”
Annual output of Connecticut’s forest products industry is:
According to DEEP, the “primary special” use for forest products in Mohawk is witch-hazel harvesting. The agency notes that witch-hazel is a deciduous shrub that grows in the understory of forest types in Connecticut and that permits to harvest is have been issued to CT-based harvesters in the recent past. The agency also noted that the “oil extracted from the cut shrubs is used in a variety of skin cleansers and other cosmetic products. Almost all witch-hazel produced in the United States comes from Connecticut.”
In terms of the scourge of invasive plants that are flourishing across the state, the most common invasive one in Mohawk is Japanese barberry, but there also is Japanese stiltgrass, according to DEEP. The “barberry is established at a low density in many parts of the Forest, although it is not yet having significant negative impacts. Japanese stiltgrass is essentially ubiquitous on forest roads and trails, as well as in any area that is exposed to sunlight and is somewhat wet. In general, invasives are present throughout Mohawk at low densities and are present in moderate to high densities around wet areas, roadsides, and waterbodies.”
DEEP also notes there are the remains of a stone tower in the forest, called Cunningham Tower, reporting that it was “built by Seymour Cunningham, who owned the land in the early 1900s, before it was acquired by the White Memorial Foundation and eventually donated to the State.” The tower was originally “three stories, including the roof, and was a bit of a tourist attraction. The view has been obscured by the regrowth of the forest.”
The structure, however, has not been maintained and is “a stone skeleton of what it used to be,” according to the report. Stairs leading to the second story and the roof were removed and “only the steel I-beams which supported the floors of the upper stories remain. The original stone walls and footings are mostly intact. The tower can be viewed by walking only a few hundred feet into the woods along a trail from a signed parking area on Mohawk Mountain Road.”
The historic fire tower on the summit of Mohawk Mountain remains but the public can’t visit it because AT&T uses it to support their cellular equipment, according to the report..DEEP also has an air quality monitoring station there.
“Many other, smaller historic sites can be easily found by walking through the Forest and along the many old roads. Many of these are old homesteads, while some were sawmills or other small industrial sites,” according to the report.
As to forest health, DEEP reports that there are of diseases, “native and introduced,” impacting the structure and function of Mohawk State Forest. Presence of diseases, however, “is not an issue in and of itself as the complex structure created by the death and decomposition of some trees in the forest can significantly improve wildlife habitat, nutrient cycling, and invertebrate diversity.” The effects of disease should be monitored so corrective action can be taken when necessary, according to the report.
Management Goals reported in the draft plan include (per DEEP):
• Improve forest health and resilience.
• Improve habitat for threatened, endangered, and special concern species.
• Regenerate 336 acres with modified even-aged systems.
• Regenerate 139 acres with uneven-aged group selection systems.
• Thinning on 153 acres to improve species composition and vigor
• Conduct Timber Stand Improvement on 68 acres.
• Designate 916 acres of Old Forestland Management Site.
• Control invasive species to prevent degradation of ecosystem function.
• Store carbon in mature forest and increase rates of sequestration in young and uneven-aged forest.
• Adapt management to changing environmental conditions and unforeseen circumstances.
Anyone interested in obtaining a copy of the plan can download it here (www.scribd.com/document/1053566091/Mohawk-Forest-Mgmt-Plan-Draft-2026) or send a request for an electronic copy to DEEP at [email protected]. Anyone can also offer comments regarding the goals and objectives described in the plan. Comments may be submitted electronically to [email protected].
Stephen Underwood can be reached at [email protected]