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Simsbury, CT - 2/25/20 - Second cut flower packaged in bottles in a Curaleaf marijuana cultivation facility in Simbury. Photo by Brad Horrigan | [email protected]
UPDATED: March 6, 2020 at 6:42 p.m.
In Connecticut’s tightly regulated medical marijuana industry, there are four licensed production facilities where marijuana is actually grown and processed.
Placed on a map, the four facilities are spread out in a roughly diamond shape — with Curaleaf in Simsbury, CTPharma in Portland, Advanced Grow Labs in West Haven and Theraplant in Watertown.
In November, Simsbury’s Curaleaf moved from its former Grist Mill Lane location to a significantly larger space in the Weatogue section of town.
Last week, Curaleaf hosted a media tour of the newly opened Hopmeadow Street facility. The space totals about 60,000 square feet.
Nicole Leja, the president of Curaleaf Connecticut, said the move positions Curaleaf to step into the “adult use” market if the state legalizes recreational marijuana. Although Leja said the company would like to see that happen, she added that Curaleaf typically stays out of political issues.
“I don’t like to put too much ahead of what’s already in front of us, which is a great medical program that’s continuing to grow,” Leja said. “We have moved to this location with the hopes that we will be part of adult use, should that pass, but that we can also expand our growth within the medical program.”
Director of Operations Victoria Gill said the facility produces a weekly average of 10,000 units — ranging from whole flower marijuana to edibles and tinctures.
Those units are then sent out to local dispensaries, where licensed pharmacists sell the products to prescription-carrying patients.
But before the medicine gets into the hands of patients, it starts as a young sprout or clipping. Here’s a peek inside the Curaleaf facility that grows some of the state’s medical marijuana.
The state has strict laws surrounding facilities such as Curaleaf. For example, every person who enters the cultivation and production section of the facility is required to wear hairnets and pocket-free scrub-like clothing. Those rules apply to all of the facility’s approximately 55 employees, as well as any visitors.
Most of the marijuana plants at Curaleaf start their lives as clippings of older plants, according to Director of Cultivation Luca Boldrini.
Each clipping is planted on its own, and its leaves are partially cut. Boldrini said cutting the leaves seems to put the plant in a state of mild stress and encourage quicker root growth, although he added that much of marijuana cultivation is “esoteric.”
“We don’t really know why we do a lot of the things. We just know they work,” Boldrini said.
The newly planted clippings start their lives in the facility’s “mom room,” where the “mother stock” also grows. The mom room — which is kept at a balmy 78 degrees and 60 percent humidity — is home for the young plants for about three weeks.
After three weeks, the plants progress from the vegetative to the flowering stage. They are then moved into dense potting blocks and rehomed to the facility’s aptly named “flower rooms.” The plants will stay in the flower rooms for about 8 1/2 weeks, Boldrini said.
The conditions are slightly different in the flower rooms: The temperature is increased to 80 degrees, and the humidity is dropped to about 55 percent, Boldrini said. These rooms also blast brighter light onto the flowering plants, in a cycle of 12 hours on and 12 hours off.
Once the flowers are ready, they’re harvested and dried. There are then several paths the soon-to-be medicine could take, depending on both the strain of the plant and the production needs of the facility.
Some of the flowers are sold whole-flower or ground into what the facility calls “select grind.” Workers weigh out the ground buds and package the product in prescription bottles. The bottles will also be labeled, in accordance with state law, before they’re sent on to dispensaries.
Other flowers, after they’re dried, are sent to the lab for further processing.
Lab Director Ted Friedeberg said the flowers are first run through an extractor, for an approximately 10-hour process that pulls the crude oil out of the plants. Friedeberg said that 3 kilograms — or about 6 1/2 pounds — of dry flowers will produce 600 to 700 grams — or about 1 1/2 pounds — of crude oil.
That oil, a yellow sludge that looks similar to bacon grease, is then mixed with ethanol and heated, Friedeberg said.
The solution is then frozen in a freezer that goes down to minus-86 degrees, Friedeberg said, before it’s placed in a centrifuge and then a rotary vapor — or rotovap — to remove the ethanol previously added in.
And as the ethanol is pulled out of the mixture, along with it come impurities — such as waxy lipids — that would otherwise give the product an unpleasant taste.
At the end of the process, lab workers have created a pure oil, which can be used several ways.
Some of the oil is infused into cooking oil or butter, which can then be shuttled to the bakery. Curaleaf’s bakery, which is just one door down the hall from the lab, is a licensed commercial bakery. Like any other bakery, Curaleaf’s is filled with the smells of dough and chocolate, which waft into the hall each time the bakery door swings open.
Leja, the Curaleaf Connecticut president, said state law prohibits the infusion of confections, such as bars of chocolate, but allows the infusion of flour-based edibles, such as cookies. But the bakers still produce a variety of baked goods, from chocolate cookies to raspberry shortbread bars.
Leja said the different product types have varying amounts of the main component of marijuana, THC, but the bakers ensure that each product is consistent from one batch to the next. This allows patients to regularly buy edibles that have their ideal amount of THC, without worrying about it affecting them differently each time.
Not all of the oil distilled in the laboratory process is used for edibles, though. Some is used in Curaleaf’s vape products, which Leja said make up about 40 percent of the facility’s sales.
Leja said Curaleaf did see a dip in vape sales about six months ago, amid the mysterious vaping illnesses that were plaguing residents across the state. Leja noted, though, that none of the products linked to the mysterious illnesses were purchased in Connecticut.
She said vape sales have now bounced back to the level they were at before the illnesses.
Curaleaf also makes some products that look more like traditional Western medicine.
The facility makes pill-like microtablets with CBD, which is a component of marijuana known for its relaxing properties. Curaleaf also makes a pediatric medicine with a high percentage of CBD, which is given orally from a syringe and often used for children who have seizures, Leja said.
“We’re very pharmaceutical,” Leja said. And “we’re very proud of our new facility.”
Emily Brindley can be reached at [email protected].
Originally Published: March 2, 2020 at 6:00 a.m.