WILLIAMSBURG
Editor’s note: The following is an essay by Brandon Rosas, an Iowa County resident and occassional contributor.
Two years ago, my parents and I moved to a long, stone, ranch-style home known as “the Old Sullivan Place” in the country outside of Parnell.
The beauty and solidity of the house’s construction amaze me. Our realtor informed us that the home was built in the 1990s by two brothers, David and Lonnie Jennings, who live in the Parnell area and have since retired.
Parnell is a wee settlement of about 200 people in south central Iowa. Parnell expanded from its roots in 1884, when the almost exclusively Catholic and Irish residents of Lytle City removed three miles west to the railroad town of Callan. Callan was renamed Parnell, after Irish landlordism-abolition champion James Stewart Parnell, and the town has been home to a substantially ethnic Irish population.
Parnell calls itself “Little Ireland.” Few acres compose Parnell, and its population is relatively reclusive. A lily-white, cross-shaped, green-shingled old Catholic church, which was preceded by a steeple adorned with a six-foot Celtic cross and four shamrocks, and which enclosed a 2,100-lb bell, had formerly stood on the corner of Hatter Avenue and F52 Trail on the northeast corner of Parnell for over 100 years.
Former Parnell resident Dorothy Donahue, now 90 years of age, commented, “(Parnell’s) community is a very beautiful community…I would probably give the church the credit for the beautiful community.”
Since pioneer times, St. Joseph Catholic Church had been the epicenter of the special familial bond in this formerly vibrant community of “Little Ireland.”
When the Irish immigrants of Lytle City first moved to Callan, its 156 Irish Catholic denizens made the five- to 10-mile horse-and-buggy journey every Sunday to St. Michael Parish in Holbrook for Mass. Weary of the distance and weather after five years’ travel, parishioner Edward Carroll requested and received permission from Bishop Dunn for establishment of a Catholic Church in Parnell.
A 32-by-70-foot long, by 16-foot-high church was commissioned, at a cost of $1,198. The church, named St. Joseph, was completed in the fall of 1889, and Father James Davis became its first pastor, before quickly passing the station to Father T.J. King.
Under Fathers King, White, Kelly, and Mahoney, St. Joseph parish saw additional construction. A small white schoolhouse soon opened, followed, in 1898, by a larger red brick school building. These schools were run by lay teachers until 1902, when Carroll brought Ottumwa’s Sisters of Humility of Mary to Parnell permanently to instruct in the schools. The advent of the nuns “had a profound effect” on the Parnell community, providing excellent education and discipline.
The nuns were invited to teach in the public school upon its opening in 1915, making the Parnell school one of only three public schools in Iowa to employ Roman Catholic Sisters. The nuns remained in Parnell as teachers until their departure in 1955, at the state’s injunction that they resign from their public school positions, unless they remove their habits.
By 1908, beneath St. Joseph Catholic Church’s now 20-foot high engraved green tin ceilings were a large, baroque tin-plated wooden main altar (containing a relic); two smaller ornate altars, trimmed with gold leaf; a communion rail, and statues of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, and St. Patrick. There was a main row of wooden pews, and two flanking rows of shorter pews, but no center aisle. The walls of St. Joseph were inset with stained-glass windows, depicting Saint Patrick, among others. St. Michael’s Church History Book records in the Iowa County Advertiser, “Last Sunday, Oct. 17, St. Joseph’s Church at this place showed up as [a] new silver dollar.”
Over the next 120 years, generations of O’Briens, Donahues, Murphys, O’Rourkes, Sullivans and other communicants received the sacraments of baptism, eucharist, confirmation, and marriage at St. Joseph Catholic Church. The church was also where Parnell’s ordained sons celebrated their first Masses. Services at St. Joseph began at 10 a.m. and ran similarly to those of all other Catholic churches. The parishioners were greeted as they entered the doors of the church, and they then took their customary seats and prayed.
After prayers and the opening hymn, church services progressed though the Gathering Rite, the Liturgy of the Word, the Liturgy of the Eucharist, and the Concluding Rite. Prior to Vatican II, services were conducted in Latin, and parishioners memorized their lines from a prayer card. A communion rail was located at the front of the Sanctuary; participants would advance to the communion rail, kneel, and receive the communion host individually from the Reverend Father, trailed by his altar followers. Services changed from two-hour Latin High Masses to shorter, vernacular Masses, with air-conditioning and wired music and homilies.
Catholic services today feature a homily that complements the reading in the lectern and the quotation listed in the bulletin, providing a message on which parishioners may reflect throughout the week. Cemetery Committee Chairperson Eddie O’Brien recalls, “There were times when every seat in the church was filled.”
Pastoral Associate Ann Lillis states, “The people (of St. Joseph) were just down-to-earth, pretty middle-class people.” O’Brien and Lillis recall families of eight or ten children walking to church, each dressed in their finest; girls were required to wear a circle, or lace. Wedding anniversaries were celebrated at the church, and St. Joseph Cemetery is also where generations of Parnellians are interred. Parish councilmember Jean O’Brien was informed that, before her time, priests weekly assigned an entire family for Mass, and that family would be obligated to awake and serve Mass prior to school every morning. Three resident priests of St. Joseph came directly from Ireland, two of whom returned to the Emerald Isle.
In the 1960s, in compliance to Vatican II rulings, St. Joseph’s communion rail was removed, and the church interior was also refurbished in ivory. Floors eventually sagged, and musicians and parishioners admit the weakness of the church’s acoustics. From 1978 through 1980, progressive Pastor Michael Colonnese directed a revolutionary remodeling campaign. After this renovation, the interior of St. Joseph featured a substantially-lowered ceiling, and a conventional configuration of metal folding chairs. The large altar was diminished, and the smaller ones relocated; a step was removed from the church’s anterior platform; and a new, smaller altar was added in front to allow the priest to deliver the homily facing the parishioners. These changes were intended to impart a sense of meaning to the congregation, placing them on a more equal footing with the priest. Parishioners Jean O’Brien and Bernard Deatsch, visiting Holbrook Parish member Kay Ahlberg, and 64-year church organist Donahue echo Lillis’s description of St. Joseph Church as “not large…or ostentatious…very comfortable.”
Besides being comfortable, Jean O’Brien recalls St. Joseph Catholic Church, “felt like a holy place.” O’Brien describes the church as a beautiful, safe place that felt like home; and, “(a) place where you went to pray.” Councilmember O’Brien reflects on the cool, peace-instilling quietness of the church upon entrance before Mass on Sunday, appraising it as “a grounding place…(that) sort of helps you get your mind in a good place: (St. Joseph Church) relates to being more important than yourself.” O’Brien synthesized that St. Joseph Church “helps you to sort of fit into the universe.” Audible words were often prayers, homilies, or the respectful comments which impressed Ahlberg, who recalls, “(W)henever one would step inside the church, one would (only) hear (polite interactions) such as, ‘Oh, excuse me, Sister,’ and, “Oh, sorry, Sister!”
Jean O’Brien recalls that, after Mass, “(Sometimes)…people would spend an equal amount of time visiting with their other parishioners, as they did in Mass.” Churchgoers would inquire as to each other’s welfare, asking, “So-and-so is sick?’” and, “You need the wagon?” O’Brien recollects, “If anybody needed help, a neighbor would come over and help.” Another audile mainstay of St. Joseph’s atmosphere was Donahue’s organ-playing. Councilmember O’Brien comments that Donahue, “Sounds like an angel.”
The blessing of St. Joseph Church extended out beyond the structure’s four walls. Bishop William Franklin states, “It’s not just a building. It’s a community.” Donahue submits, “It was the church that held the community together,” imparting what Lillis calls, “a cohesiveness of small-town America.”
O’Brien recalls Father D.C. Browne informing parents of young parishioners’ comportment. Father Mike Colonnese involved the congregation in planting a garden behind the church, in order to grow food to take to needy families in Davenport. Father Mike brought children from Davenport to live with families in Parnell during St. Joseph’s summer Bible School Program, and adopted two children from South America. Pastor Colonnese used his Spanish to serve North Liberty’s community. Cantor Bill McDonald expressed, “I lost my family when the church closed.”
In 2009, an increasing necessity of renovation prompted the St. Joseph Parish Council to seek the approval and assistance of the Archdiocese of Davenport in executing the repairs. Unfortunately, Davenport ruled St. Joseph “not viable,” and requisitioned the parish for decommissioning due to declining membership, want of renovation, and a lack of priests.
St. Joseph celebrated a Farewell Mass on June 28, 2009. A memorial has been erected to the old St. Joseph Church in St. Joseph Cemetery in Parnell. The memorial consists of the original church bell, which is heavier than the Liberty Bell, housed in a replica of the church bell tower. The tower is accompanied by a refurbished crucifix and one of the original pews, which has been split to fit in the tower’s corner. The memorial project was constructed by Spratt Builders, and the project spearheaded by Parish Councilmember (and mastermind behind my home), David Jennings.