Vehicle size restrictions will be enforced at Zion National Park beginning this June in an effort to promote road safety and protect natural and historic resources, officials say.
Matthew Fink, Zion's public affairs specialist, said the move has been in the works since May 2024 and comes after two safety studies by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration. The first was conducted in 1989, and the second was completed in 2019.
Zion Transportation Manager Lisa White said a 2018 study analyzed tour buses entering the park, finding that the majority were too long and heavy to comply with existing regulations. This prompted the 2019 study, which analyzed the road geometry and ran simulations to determine acceptable vehicle lengths.
"That was primarily their focus," she said. "Because the tunnel restrictions — the width and the height — are set in stone. Literally, you cannot exceed those dimensions and fit in the Zion-Mount Carmel Tunnel. But the length restriction was kind of the fudge factor there. And so they ran all these simulations to see a perfect driver in good driving conditions, what they could and could not do given the geometry of the road."
This study helped park officials determine that single vehicles can be no longer than 35 feet, 9 inches, and combined vehicles, such as a pickup truck pulling a trailer, can be no longer than 50 feet. Trailers cannot exceed 26 feet from the hitch to the rear axle. Vehicles must be 11 feet, 4 inches tall or shorter, no wider than 7 feet, 10 inches and weigh 50,000 pounds or less. These restrictions will go into effect on June 7, Park Ranger Jason Benton said in a Facebook post.
"Keep in mind that Zion National Park is not restricting any type of vehicle, such as RVs or vans," he said. "Any vehicle can use the highway, so long as it is not too long, wide, tall or heavy. Be sure to check the size of your vehicle."
The restrictions will be in effect on the 10.7-mile-long Zion-Mount Carmel Highway from the south side's Canyon Junction to the entrance on the east side. The roadway features narrow lanes, sharp turns, steep drop-offs, multiple bridges and the Zion-Mount Carmel Tunnel, Fink said.
The highway was built in 1930, and at the time of its construction, vehicles were not as large as they are now.
"There were no RVs," Fink said. "There were no tour buses of any kind. So, as the years go on in Zion and the vehicles kept getting bigger, in 1984, the park formally recognized the issue of large vehicles on the Zion-Mount Carmel Highway."
In 1989, the park implemented the current one-way traffic system, with two rangers stationed on either side of the tunnel. And when a large vehicle approaches that is too tall or wide to move through the tunnel in a single lane, traffic is halted on the other side of the tunnel as the larger vehicle passes. This requires a permit. This system will no longer be in use once the restrictions go into effect.
In 2016, park officials determined that traffic was stopped for an estimated 41 minutes of each hour to allow large vehicles to traverse the tunnel, according to an informational handout distributed by the park. An average of 98 vehicles, or 1.6% of traffic in Zion, are larger than can safely be driven on the highway.
"First and foremost, what we're doing is we are making the highway more safe to drive," he said, adding that the geometry of the road causes vehicles that are too long to cross the center lines at several points along the highway. Vehicles that are too tall or wide cannot pass through the tunnel in a single lane.
Fink said the move also protects a piece of the country's cultural history. The highway is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.
"It's, you know, been part of this park experience, at this point, for almost 100 years," he said. "So, you know, we want to protect that. Additionally, the road itself is bordered by designated wilderness. So, even if it were an option for us to widen the road, we wouldn't want to do that, or we couldn't do that, because we need to protect our resources, our wildlife, our plant life, et cetera. … We're doing this for safety, as well as preservation of a really iconic road in the park."
Park rangers at the East and South entrances will enforce the policy. No large vehicles will be allowed to pass the East Entrance. They will only be permitted to pass through the South Entrance if they plan to park in the large vehicle lot adjacent to the Zion Canyon Visitor Center, if they have a pass to visit the Zion Lodge, if they plan to drive the Zion Canyon Scenic Drive during the shuttle offseason, or if they will be camping in the Watchman Campground or South Campground.
Fink said it would be ideal if visitors planned ahead and pre-measured their vehicle, but as a last line of defense, rangers can measure vehicles at the East and South entrances.
Those in vehicles exceeding the required measurements can enter the park by alternative means or take an alternative route around the park if traveling to another destination. Alternative routes can add 10-45 minutes to their drive time, depending on the destination.
"But Washington County and Kane County, as well as Arizona, are working on developing additional options by paving Sheep Bridge and Coral Pink Sand Dunes Road, so that those are options for people to shave even more time off of that reroute," White said.
The Zion Forever Project hopes to expand visitor experience with a transit line from the Zion Canyon Visitor Center to the upcoming Zion National Park Discovery Center being built near the park's east side, St. George News reported. This would allow visitors in larger vehicles to use a shuttle system to reach the east side of the park.
However, one of the biggest challenges for a potential transit line is that the shuttle would also need to meet the park's vehicle size restrictions, White said.